Series of Medical science

Literature Review

Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: Explore the Applications of AI in Various Medical Domains, Such as Medical Imaging, Diagnosis, Drug Discovery, and Patient Care

Eskandar K*

Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: Explore the Applications of AI in Various Medical Domains, Such as Medical Imaging, Diagnosis, Drug Discovery, and Patient Care Read More »

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Eskandar K. Artificial intelligence in healthcare: explore the applications of AI in various medical domains, such as medical imaging, diagnosis, drug discovery, and patient care. Series Med Sci. 2023;4(1):37-53.
With over 90% accuracy in diagnosing diseases from medical images, artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping the healthcare landscape, transforming medical imaging, diagnosis, drug discovery, patient care, and more. This captivating literature review explores AI's multifaceted applications, illuminating its potential to streamline healthcare management and surgical procedures. While unlocking exciting possibilities, challenges such as ethics and biases demand scrutiny. Engaging statistics and compelling case studies showcase AI's current impact and inspire further collaboration in this awe-inspiring technological revolution, propelling us toward a future where AI collaborates seamlessly with healthcare professionals for superior patient outcomes.
Article DOI: 10.54178/2771-0629.2023a7
Case Report

Large Vulvar Lipoma Presented as a Pedunculated Labial Mass

Walawe Nayaka S*, Wickramasinghe NH and Senevirathne JTN

Large Vulvar Lipoma Presented as a Pedunculated Labial Mass Read More »

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Walawe Nayaka S, Wickramasinghe NH, Senevirathne JTN. Large vulvar lipoma presented as a pedunculated labial mass. Series Med Sci. 2023;4(1):33-36.
Lipomas are the most common subcutaneous mesenchymal neoplasm commonly seen over trunks and limbs. Even though vulvar lipomas are rare, their clinical nature is similar to lipomas in other sites of the body. Diagnosis is usually made on clinical findings, and surgical excision is the best treatment option. This is a case of large pedunculated vulvar lipoma in a 30-year-old lady.
Article DOI: 10.54178/2771-0629.2023a6
Research Article

Lumbar Transforaminal Epidural Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections: The Novel Modality for the Treatment of Low Back Pain

Nehme P*, Al Awar O and Dabbous A

Lumbar Transforaminal Epidural Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections: The Novel Modality for the Treatment of Low Back Pain Read More »

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Nehme P, Al Awar O, Dabbous A. Lumbar transforaminal epidural platelet-rich plasma injections: the novel modality for the treatment of low back pain. Series Med Sci. 2023;4(1):29-32.
Background: The low back pain is a common health problem. It causes significant morbidity that limits economic productivity. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been shown to be effective in cosmetic surgical procedures and help accelerate wound healing in trauma and joint injuries. PRP injections use each patient’s healing system to improve musculoskeletal problems. Therefore, we investigated the use of lumbar transforaminal epidural PRP (TEPRP) injections for the treatment of low back pain patients. Methods: We evaluated a pain numerical rating scale (NRS) for a total of 210 patients with low back pain at the level of L3-4-5 immediately before the procedure. The patients completed the pain NRS. The score was 0 for no pain and 10 for the worst pain. A successful categorical outcome was defined as a reduction in pain by at least 50%. We also evaluated an assessment of the immediate post-procedure NRS, at 2 weeks, and measured the successful outcomes at 2 months. Results: Immediate NRS response was weakly associated with 2-month outcomes. Patients who responded at 2 weeks were more likely to be responders at 2 months than those who were non-responders at 2 weeks. Conclusion: Immediate post-TEPRP pain relief does not strongly predict long-term effectiveness in pain relief or functional recovery. Response in pain relief or functional recovery at 2 weeks is more strongly associated with 2-month outcomes.
Article DOI: 10.54178/2771-0629.2023a5
Case Report

Remarkable Spontaneous Regression of Third Ventricle Colloid Cyst: A Compelling Case Report and Neurosurgical Literature Review

Farajirad M*, Farajirad E, Motlagh Pirooz F and Mohazzab Torabi S

Remarkable Spontaneous Regression of Third Ventricle Colloid Cyst: A Compelling Case Report and Neurosurgical Literature Review Read More »

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Farajirad M, Farajirad E, Motlagh Pirooz F, et al. Remarkable spontaneous regression of third ventricle colloid cyst: a compelling case report and neurosurgical literature review. Series Med Sci. 2023;4(1):24-28.
Background: Colloid cysts (CC) are infrequent and benign cystic formations located in the third ventricle proximate to the foramen of Monro. Although surgical resection is widely acknowledged as the standard approach for managing symptomatic large-sized CC, the necessity of surgical intervention for asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic cases remains a subject of ongoing debate. Case Presentation: In this report, we present the case of a 34-year-old female patient who complained of severe headaches. She was totally alert with normal cranial nerves examination and acute papilledema. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a characteristic 12 mm-sized CC situated in the third ventricle. Furthermore, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MRI demonstrated severe hydrocephalus with periventricular edema. Surprisingly, the patient was thoroughly informed of the potential treatment options during the first visit, including the possibility of neurosurgical tumor resection. However, the patient expressed reluctance and declined to provide consent for the neurosurgical intervention at that time. Remarkably, subsequent MRIs conducted 18 months after the initial evaluation demonstrated a spontaneous reduction in cyst size from 12 mm to 2 mm. Conclusion: The phenomenon of spontaneous regression in CC is an exceedingly rare event. For carefully selected, asymptomatic cases, an alternative management approach involving regular imaging surveillance and frequent neurological assessments could be considered. However, the decision-making process should be meticulous, with a comprehensive evaluation of the associated risks and potential benefits of surgical intervention vs. conservative observation tailored to each case. Further research and larger studies are warranted to validate the feasibility and long-term outcomes of this alternative management strategy.
Article DOI: 10.54178/2771-0629.2023a4
Research Article

Comparative Approaches to Prevention, Rehabilitation and Tactics of Treatment of Adhesive Intestinal Obstruction in Children

Abdullayevich BE*, Zokirovich AB and Teshaevich SS

Comparative Approaches to Prevention, Rehabilitation and Tactics of Treatment of Adhesive Intestinal Obstruction in Children Read More »

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Abdullayevich BE, Zokirovich AB, Teshaevich SS. Comparative approaches to prevention, rehabilitation and tactics of treatment of adhesive intestinal obstruction in children. Series Med Sci. 2023;4(1):18-23.
This article analyzes the experience of treatment of 111 children with various forms of adhesive impassability of intestines. The differentiated approach is put on a treatment basis in a choice of operative or conservative methods of treatment depending on the form of the disease, clinical features of a current, and efficiency of spent conservative actions. The specified principle in tactics choice has allowed to lower a considerable quantity of possible vain operations and their complications; to avoid lethality, it is essential to lower risk reoperations. The complex program of rehabilitation used in clinical practice and preventive maintenance of adhesive impassability has allowed to reduce the quantity of relapses of disease.
Article DOI: 10.54178/2771-0629.2023a3
Research Article

Severe Anemia During Pregnancy: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Maternal-Fetal Prognosis

Lyande LB*, Limbaya Ekanga NMJ, Amisi BM, Lokenye Kabinda A, Kumiele PM and Bakulanga P

Severe Anemia During Pregnancy: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Maternal-Fetal Prognosis Read More »

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Lyande LB, Limbaya Ekanga NMJ, Amisi BM, et al. Severe anemia during pregnancy: prevalence, risk factors and maternal-fetal prognosis. Series Med Sci. 2023;4(1):9-17.
Anemia is one of the most important public health problems in the world and concerns the World Health Organization (WHO) given its prevalence, its many etiologies but also the consequences for which it is responsible in mothers and young children. In pregnant women, the causes of anemia are multiple and often intertwined: iron deficiency (but also folic acid, vitamin, etc.), intestinal helminthiasis, malaria, other infections (HIV infection, etc.), and hemoglobinopathies are the main causes. But among these etiologies, it has been estimated that 75% of anemias are attributable to iron deficiency and remain a cause of considerable perinatal morbidity and mortality. To avoid this, health services should design and implement strategies to control anemia in pregnant women, including prevention, early diagnosis, and appropriate management. The objective is to contribute to improving the management of anemia during pregnancy in order to reduce maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality linked to anemia in pregnant women.
Article DOI: 10.54178/2771-0629.2023a2
Research Article

Knowledge of the Distribution and Frequency of ABO and Rhesus Blood Groups in the Community of Yangambi Case of Blood Donors Monitored at the Yangambi Blood Transfusion Center (General Reference Hospital for INERA Yangambi)

Lyande LB*, Amisi BM, Kumiele PM, Limbaya Ekanga NMJ, Lomboto J, Lokenye Kabinda A and Lokondaita Baruti P

Knowledge of the Distribution and Frequency of ABO and Rhesus Blood Groups in the Community of Yangambi Case of Blood Donors Monitored at the Yangambi Blood Transfusion Center (General Reference Hospital for INERA Yangambi) Read More »

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Lyande LB, Amisi BM, Kumiele PM, et al. Knowledge of the distribution and frequency of ABO and Rhesus blood groups in the community of Yangambi case of blood donors monitored at the Yangambi blood transfusion center (general reference hospital for INERA Yangambi). Series Med Sci. 2023;4(1):1-8.
Blood group antigens are hereditarily determined and play a vital role in blood safety. Blood types are known to have some association with many diseases. About 700 erythrocyte antigens have been described, organized into 30 blood group systems by the International Society of Blood Transfusion, of which the ABO and Rhesus systems are the most important. Thus, knowledge of the distribution of ABO and Rhesus blood groups at the local and/or regional level is of major importance in the management of blood banks and transfusion safety services.
Article DOI: 10.54178/2771-0629.2023a1
Review Article

Interactions between Innate Immunity System and Echinococcus granulosus: Permission for Vaccine Development

Sadr S, Charbgoo A, Borji H* and Hajjafari A

Interactions between Innate Immunity System and Echinococcus granulosus: Permission for Vaccine Development Read More »

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Sadr S, Charbgoo A, Borji H, et al. Interactions between innate immunity system and Echinococcus granulosus: permission for vaccine development. Series Med Sci. 2022;3(1):1-18.
The tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus causes a destructive zoonotic disease named cystic echinococcosis (CE), a crucial global issue for the public health sector. Nowadays, human hydatid disease is a worldwide challenge, and it is considered a recurrent disease in locations where it was formerly at low rates. Significant attempts and studies have been put into controlling and preventing the transmission of E. granulosus from dogs to humans, but the outcome is not considerable. An outstanding trait of the intermediate host-parasite relation is the host's protective immunity against infection by the oncosphere phase of taeniid cestodes. Due to this noble trait, we can develop different approaches to control hydatid disease through livestock vaccination. Moreover, the cestode isolates are barely distinguished, and due to a lack of knowledge about reaction mechanisms, their effect on innate immunity is not entirely tested. Yet, issues related to these topics regarding the purification of immunostimulatory molecules, their side effects, and their action on parasites remain struggles that need to be discussed. This review discusses multiple facts challenging autoimmune and immune responses guarding E. granulosus against suppression to reduce intense host damage.
Article DOI: 10.54178/2771-0629.2022a1
Research Article

Association Between Immunity and Cognitive Status in COVID-19 Survivors: An Exploratory Study

Halder S* and Samajdar S

Association Between Immunity and Cognitive Status in COVID-19 Survivors: An Exploratory Study Read More »

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Halder S, Samajdar S. Association between immunity and cognitive status in COVID-19 survivors: an exploratory study. Series Med Sci. 2021;2(1):37-42.
COVID-19 pandemic is being intolerable and unbearable for every individual across the world. The risk factors are well presented which could increase the chances of being infected. Individuals with co-morbid health conditions and low immunity are found to be vulnerable factors to the disease severity and suffering. Cognitive decline is highly associated with the pathogenesis of the virus and it increases the chance for individuals who have a co-morbid illness. In the present study, a total of 35 COVID-19 survivors of both sexes were selected, where all were assessed for immunity and cognitive status. The purpose was to explore the cognitive functioning of COVID-19 survivors in relation to immune response and co-morbid physical illness conditions. Results suggest a significant difference in cognitive functioning among subjects with and without co-morbid conditions. Further, it was found that immune status among COVID -19 survivors determines the cognitive impairment.
Article DOI: 10.54178/2771-0629.2021a4
Research Article

Immunohistochemical Effect of Eugenol on Hippocampal (CA1) Neuronal Cells Following Aluminium Chloride Induced Neurotoxicity in Wistar Rats

Mesole SB, Ibegbu AO, Musa SA, Bauchi ZM, Agbon AN, Okpanachi OA* and Ivang A

Immunohistochemical Effect of Eugenol on Hippocampal (CA1) Neuronal Cells Following Aluminium Chloride Induced Neurotoxicity in Wistar Rats Read More »

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Mesole SB, Ibegbu AO, Musa SA, et al. Immunohistochemical effect of eugenol on hippocampal (CA1) neuronal cells following aluminium chloride induced neurotoxicity in Wistar rats. Series Med Sci. 2021;2(1):4-17.
The metal aluminium (Al) is a well-documented neurotoxin and has been known to exacerbate excitotoxicity within the human nervous system. This present research is aimed and intended at assessing the neuroprotective effect of eugenol (EG) against the toxic effects of aluminium chloride (AlCl3) in vivo using Wistar rats as a study model. 20 adult Wistar rats were randomly assorted or divided into 4 groups, and each group contains 5 animals. This study was conducted for a duration of 21 days. On day 22 (24 h after the last administration), rats were compassionately sacrificed with 0.8 mg/kg ketamine as anaesthesia. Thereafter brain tissue was removed for immunohistochemistry and various biochemical estimations which included antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), intra-mitochondrial accumulation of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), pro/anti-apoptotic proteins Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase-3, endogenous enzymatic activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), immunohistochemistry of acetylcholine using acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase-1 (ACAT-1) within the cornu Ammonis-1 (CA1) region of the hippocampus and cognitive ability using novel object recognition test (NOR). Result obtained revealed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes, a reduction in pro-apoptotic protein levels upon oral administration of EG. The results obtained show EG as a promising prospect with regards to neurotoxicity as a result of aluminium chloride (AC) toxicity.
Article DOI: 10.54178/2771-0629.2021a3
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